Lydia Shorenstein ?

I have done this site especially for Lydia Shorenstein
in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Sorry for my poor english translation.


A duplex or duplex apartment (Fr. maison = house,-ette: diminutive form) (a similar type of apartment house is the gallery) is a special type of dwelling, where the housing is arranged at least two floors connected within the building.

Usually only the lower floor with the stairwell of an apartment building is connected to the upper floor is connected only via the internal staircase. The duplex apartment is located in the lower and upper floors in a building. Of a duplex is referred to as if it is to be taken to a top floor apartment in the attic as living space, here we also speak of an attic apartment when she is in the mansard roof.

While placed in a residential building with several apartments in the stairwell high fire protection requirements (eg on the walls and doors), the duplex free-standing staircase in the apartment. The ceiling will be considered for fire protection between different homes, because the duplex apartment is considered as a separate fire compartment.

The advantage of a duplex apartment is the feeling of living in a house with more floors, while you are in reality in an apartment building or even in a large apartment building. In contrast, however, is an increased demand for heating. Especially when the staircase is not in a separate room extra.

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A penthouse (Germanized also penthouse, from the American, from Middle English pentis "small production", from Latin appendix, Old French apentis "Appendix" [1]), in Switzerland, Attic, is a detached residential building on the roof of a multistory house. Primarily to exclusive penthouses are referred to skyscrapers.

The so-called part of the building steps back at several sites from the flight of the underlying stories, creating a wrap-around deck is created. To that extent, the penthouse also be classified as a special form of the Season projectile, since it is an upstairs area with less than the underlying stories. The roof terrace is accessible from the penthouse apartment and part of the related. There are also mixed forms with two or more houses on a roof. These houses are then no longer free-standing components, but are similar to row houses with smaller roof terraces. The penthouse has, as well as the underlying building, usually a flat roof.

The penthouse has developed as a distinct type of urban architecture from the early 20th Century. Related to this was the spread of the electric elevator that allowed high-rise buildings now provide convenient access to top floor. [1] While in town houses previously contained in the first or second floor located Beletage the finest homes and easy under the umbrella located attic the other hand, servants housed apartments, has now been set up exclusive apartments on the top floor attractive. The architectural precursor is the attic floor, a final floor above the eaves. The luxuriously appointed penthouse in particular the 1940s and 1950s, often has its own elevator and was distinguished by its special location and facilities. From the sunny roof terrace which can be equipped for example with a swimming pool or a roof garden, often offers a panoramic view overlooking the city. Because of the massive growth of urban automobile traffic in the middle of the 20th Century, the increased air pollution, the high-elevation penthouse apartment offered with its fresher air is another advantage.

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A very different concept of living realized in 1952 at the Cité Le Corbusier Radiant City, he designed a "residential unit" (Unité d'Habitation) in Marseille. The skyscraper was designed as a vertical concentrated neighborhoods, where all are housed for living and leisure facilities needed. On the roof terrace of the Cité Radieuse were (and still are today partially changed use yet) housed in penthausartigen structures used by all residents sharable "residential civic amenities" (prolongement de logis), including a crèche with outdoor swimming pool, gymnasium, sports hall, solarium and Common areas ].

Particularly from East Asian cities also illegally built houses and cottages are on high-rise rooftops known. These later structures are usually the lack of space. In major Japanese cities to build Shinto shrines often than penthouse on large public buildings. In addition to planned, there are also improvised penthouses: In Hong Kong there illegally built shanties on tall buildings, which are tolerated by the authorities but because of the prevailing housing shortage

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A loft, in German as shorthand for loft is a converted apartment for storage and industrial space. The word comes from English and simply means the attic or storage. In the United States to loft warehouses and industrial buildings has been transferred.

From the 1940s were in New York City and London these vacant buildings converted to residential use, with the building of the hall was barely changed. An apartment that often included the entire surface of a floor where the furniture was just placed. Thus, open houses were huge, with floor areas and high ceilings. Andy Warhol is now erroneously counted among the pioneers of Loftnutzer since he set up his factory until the 1960s at a New York loft. Lofts were fast becoming the coveted apartments for freelancers and artists living and working space so that integrated and often were able to stay cheap.

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The German Loftbewegung already started in the 1980s in the Frankfurt area and the Ruhr. In the late 1990s began Leipzig as the German capital of Berlin before the lofts through. Here are particularly rich in old scale industrial buildings from the period and the Bauhaus era available. They are increasingly used by the lively art scene in Leipzig.

In Switzerland, the conversion of factories into lofts until the mid-1980s and found only sporadically. A real boom began from the mid-1990s, one in Zurich and Winterthur. Today the demand is leading to lofts in urban areas in advance of a price development, which almost exclusively large objects well-earning residents makes it accessible.

A further development of the new range is the Loftgedankens CarLoft.

A Loftreihenhaus combines the spaciousness and the industrial character of a traditional loft with the advantages of a terraced house. In Nuremberg, the realization of this concept is planned for this year.

In architectural circles the watering down of the original Loftbegriffs in favor of verbal appreciation is actually controversial concepts of conventional residential.

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The term apartment (in short, Apt.) Is a foreign word from French and corresponds there to the German word for home. He is distinguished from the English loanword apartment, which is referred to a rather small apartment or granny flat and used colloquially in the composition of apartment dwelling.

In German-speaking countries the term apartment in Switzerland in particular uses, and can have two different meanings: First, we think that a suite of rooms, for example in a hotel, on the other hand it refers to a dwelling, usually of high equipment.

As part of the architectural history of the concept of a functional suite of related series of rooms called the palace of the Renaissance and the Baroque. It may be a case for guest quarters, lounges or stately living and working spaces. In the latter, the spatial sequence usually begins with an anteroom, which is followed by an audience chamber, it is followed by a study of the prince and once again the private quarters. The successive differentiation of spaces allowed for the emphasis of the particular social status, depending upon how far admitted a visitor in the individual rooms.

As an architectural structure since the agent was happy to fall back on the baroque principle of enfilade (linear space flight), in addition to individual rooms were often even on corridors and other rooms accessible from the side.

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As an additional apartment house is called in a home that is opposite the main residence of minor importance. This defined the current 1956-2001 Housing and Family Homes Act (Second Housing Act, WoBauG II) in § 11 [1]

The apartment must be completed not necessarily to the main dwelling shall be in accordance with the building code, but rented out independently. There are hardly any rentable due to the increasing demands on the housing standard unfinished granny flat, granny annexes have been completed on a regular basis. If the apartment also contains sanitary facilities and a permanent cooking facilities, the building is in the tax law as a two-family house (§ 75 of the Law Review).

For leases on some granny annexes are special statutory provisions, especially regarding employment protection (see § 573 a of the Civil Code).

Originally granny annexes were used to hire the farm workers employed on farms, the so-called granny. After the Second World War in Germany by the first Housing Act, the installation of new single-family homes granny annexes required in order to solve the housing shortage.

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