Dorothy Suttie ?

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Sorry for my poor english translation.


A hole is a hole dug in the earth, the equipment of the hole as the casing and in general the technical means to dig vary depending on its size and its objectives. Is drilled to explore and / or exploit the basement. For example, holes are made for:

* Find and exploit natural resources buried (water, oil, mining);
* Geotechnical engineering;
* Geothermal.

The technical implementation differ widely: the drill manual, to drill for light and mobile drilling less than 10 meters at a oil rig for oil offshore.

Food

In virtually all cases, a diesel engine provides the power needed for drilling. The power is then delivered either electrically or by mechanical. In the case of deep wells, electric generators powered by a diesel engine are most often used. The option "electric" has many advantages that include reduced noise and site organization easier.

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Mechanical transmission

The motors that provide mechanical energy are connected to either a rotary table which transmits motion to the spindle, as its name suggests it is square or hexagonal to allow its rotation. This rod is connected to the drill pipe through a fitting of wear, which transmits motion to the drill bit (bit in English) is a rotating head (powered swivel) which transmits motion directly to the drill .
The rotary system
Image caption of a rotary drilling

The rotation system usually includes an injection head, a drive rod which passes through a rotary table and connected to a drill string and the end of the process tool digging the ground. The drive shaft and makes the drill string and the tool end of the train, all are rotated through the rotary table and an angular section of the column that is at the table, or if the table is not the means of rotation of the drilling machine, through the injection head, which also serves to drive the column.
The filling can be defined as "all equipment lowered into the well tubular, with the exception of casings

Drill string

The drill string is a sequence of rods screwed together and usually of standard sizes. The addition of stems As can grow deeper. For rigs to medium and large, stem size was standardized and they are on average 9.5 m. This size standard may seem spurious, but it turns out it was defined according to API standards and corresponds to a length of 30 feet.
Connecting drill

The drill rods are connected together by threads standardized. Stem diameter is greater at connections to strengthen and protect them from wear.
Drilling tools

For the driller, the tool that is at the end of stems that bore the soil is a key activity. The tool must be selected from a catalog can be as varied as the lithology encountered. If a hammer-like tool can break a solid rock, it will be hard to dig clay would be much better an auger-type tools and drag bits.

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According to its diameter, the tool can weigh a few kilograms to several hundred kilograms. There are different types of drill bits:

* Crowns which are rods, improved or not, have teeth or pins strengthened;
* Diamond drilling (synthetic polycrystalline diamond), which are tools of various forms (including forms and Tricones type drag bits) whose use is restricted to the oil and mining industry because of high operating cost . Diamonds have the form of tablets taken in the black metal mass of the tool;
* Tricones, tools mounted by three cones or rolls (free) fitted with spikes for hard (long pins for land very competent, such as quartzite, and short pimples for land such as less competent shale), and teeth for hard (limestone) to clay (marl) - teeth are longer when the soil is more clay. There are also tricones pellets made of materials with ultra-resistant (diamond and tungsten carbide for example);
* Drag bits, tools mounted by three "blades" chevron for terrains and clay bench or stairs to the toughest terrain (marl and limestone);
* DTH hammers (MFT), which are predestined impact tools with hard floors and brittle.

The reamers are not proper tools of mind, since they can be mounted in addition to the main tool. The goal is to expand the reaming a hole, or simply to scrape the sides and occasionally compact the bottom of the borehole. It thus distinguishes reamers compactors, wedge-shaped, open-blade or cylindrical, stepped, etc.

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