Barbara Hall Marshall ?

I have done this site especially for Barbara Hall Marshall
in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Sorry for my poor english translation.



The greeting is a way to send accolades, respect for a person. This is the meaning to be given to the Hail Mary, given by the angel Gabriel at the Annunciation (probably a translation of the Judean Shalom)
The hello is also a regulatory act by which a person expresses his respect to a superior, or the flag ... We can distinguish different greetings:
Hi the sea
Hi the military
the Hi Hitler
Hi the Scout
hello in the martial arts
hello in budo

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The postcard is a way of written correspondence that comes in the form of a rectangular piece of card stock, of varying sizes (the most common format is the format A6, about 10 x 15 cm), sent without an envelope, address and the postage will be paid directly above, along with the message.

The main use of the postcard is sending a short message without an envelope. Often, postal administrations have a rate card, cheaper than the usual letter, which explains the rationale for its origin, and its success at one time.

In the years 1900 to 1920, the golden age of the postcard, the use was almost daily, so that before the general release of the phone, it was used from one neighborhood to another in the same city, for example, to give an appointment the next day.

According to the models and eras, one side may be an illustration drawn or photographic, for tourism, artistic and humorous.

One of the oldest functions of the postcard is to be a collector's item.

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History of the postcard

If England was the birthplace of the postage stamp (in 1837), Austria was one of the postcard. Dr. Stephan in 1865, moved for the first time a memorial on the postcard mailing to the conference in Karlsruhe. The idea is not taken immediately and must wait until 1 October 1869 in Vienna, to which Professor Emmanuel Hermann convince the Austrian postal administration in the interest of this support.

In France, the postcard made its debut in 1870 in Strasbourg prussienne1 besieged by the army and during the siege of Paris where the Post Office section of the capital creates poste2 cards, for "sending" open balloon-mounted with the recipient's address on one side and the other correspondence.

On 20 December 1872, the Finance Act, proposed by the member Wolowski Louis, introduced in France officially postale3 map. Using the postcard official intervened in France January 15, 1873.

Two types of cards were first sold in post offices. The first, a yellow stamped 10 cents, was intended to circulate discovered in France and Algeria, within the same city or in the constituency of the same office. The other, postage to 15 cents, could move from office to office. The only illustration (if one may say) this postcard is an official plank of 4 mm thick surrounding the portion reserved for the address of the recipient and stamped postage and administrative guidance. The public made the first map to be considered favorably. Seven million copies in one week went by.

Until 1875, the postcard has remained a monopoly of the Post Office, which does not mean that traders and industrialists do not have use for advertising, before that date.

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First pictures

By 1873, shops at the Belle Jardiniere did reproduce the face of official maps of small illustrations of their buildings in the Rue du Pont-Neuf in Paris.
A postcard from 1900, representing the coming of the Great Mosque of Kairouan

The postcard is rapidly gaining acclaim at the 1889 World Fair, where a drawn map showing the Eiffel Tower was sold to 300 000 exemplaires4.

The Marseille Dominique Piazza seems to be the first to be marketed in France, photo cards in 1891. By 1892, other cities in the south of France followed suit, followed by Paris. However, photo cards printed before 1897 are exceedingly rare. It was then that the printer will Neurdein edit maps for every major city in France and Albert Bergeret, in 1898, will produce maps of eastern France.

The postcard takes tremendous growth especially with the Paris Exposition in 1900. She will experience a golden age until the end of the Second World War. At that time, newspapers did not contain photographs. The postcard can be used as a new medium: a kind of television before the letter. Besides the major national publishers, small local photographers will establish for posterity the events, the typical scenes of daily life, politics etc.. Hotels, cafes, restaurants, shops of all kinds, use the postcard as an advertising medium: the owner posing with his employees and his family in front of the window. All these little moments of local history are valuable and highly sought after today.

Until early 1904, he was forbidden to write on the front of the postcard. Three or four horizontal lines across the width of the card allowed to enter the single address. Photography (back) does not cover the entire space for correspondence on the side of the image. This is called "cloud map" or "cloud map".

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The turning point of 1904: Division into two duplex

In 1904, it was decided to allow writing on the front of the postcard, which in effect is divided into two parts, one on the left reserved for the match, and the other right, address. Therefore photography can freely occupy the entire back.

While originally, the postcard is a document printed almost exclusively by the postal administration at that time, photographers, taking advantage of new technical advances, sell to wealthy clients on major tourist attractions.

The postcard will help to spread the photograph around the world and across all social strata. The public can so capture the image that will come even to develop photos in postcard format: this is called the photo cards.

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The golden age of the postcard is from about 1900 to 1920. They circulate in the millions worldwide. The publishers of postcards abound, and any tobacconist's smallest village wants to see his name printed on the cards he does in fact broadcast on behalf of a wholesaler in the region.

There is already, from the 1920s, that the productions are of lesser quality. For the sake of profitability, publishers are choosing to poor processes and materials, and secondly they broadcast mostly general views without character, to the detriment of most typical scenes, but also more rapidly obsolete.

But especially after 1918, the inexhaustible creativity of some publishers and illustrators can not stop a trend of substance related to changing lifestyles. The postcard has declined continuously quantitative and eventually disappear from everyday life, in favor of new modes of communications (such as the above phone and email) and new practices of the image (first with the development of amateur photography and the digital devices and attachments).

According to a survey conducted for the itv.com website with 2000 British, the postcard is now in decline, supplanted by such emails. This survey shows that the number of postcards sent in the last ten years would have dropped by 75%, and over three quarters of young people find this means of communication démodé5. The coup de grace is practically given by the appearance of the virtual postcard. It nonetheless remains true that the only simple way to send a photograph of his vacation spot, and the views presented are generally more successful than those of amateur photographs.

There are two periods during the long evolution: the maps called semi-modern (1918 to 1975), then the maps called modern (1975-present). But this distinction, traditional in Postcards collectors seems very artificial. It mainly reflects the subjective views of theorists Cartophile whose golden age has begun precisely in the mid-1970. Other Postcards collectors distinguish between the old postcards (cpa) printed by the method of collotype until the 1940s, semi-modern postcards (CPSM) and produced by gravure hÚliotypie between 1930 and 1970 (the cards jagged edges in the model are the best known) and modern postcards printed offset6.

In response, we note from the publishers, since the late 1970s, a revival of the suggested topics: cartoons drawn maps, use of famous photographers, posters and reproduction of old masters, landscapes sublimated ... Also the postcard becomes a popular advertising medium and a means of disseminating the photograph ART7.

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Copyright and postcards to Wikipedia

Reproduction of postcards, mostly of old maps, with all respect the rights of the author of the map is a recurring problem on Wikipedia.

This topic has been debated at length about France on Wikipedia postcard Chassenon - Extraction of lava for construction.

One can derive a simple rule, a postcard may be reproduced on Wikipedia without affecting the rights of the offender if:

ie, its author is unknown and the map was first published there over 70 years;
ie, its author is known and died there over 70 years.

Sometimes the author's name on the card is listed as initials, or just a signature, a pseudonym, a symbol ... It can then be considered, failing to find his identity among collectors, it is unknown .

Attention with postcards of the first and second world wars, if the author identified "died for France", its rights are extended to 30 years (Intellectual Property Code art. L123-8 to 10).

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-> Site for Barbara Hall Marshall

Thematic categories

Postcards landscape.
Postcards ethnological.
Artistic postcards.
Postcards family.
Birthday Card
Patriotic postcards.
Historical postcards.
Artistic postcards.
Postcards museum.
Tourist postcards.
Comic postcards.
Postcards aircraft.
Erotic postcards.
Postcards sentimental.

-> Created for Barbara Hall Marshall