Are you If not, could you forward this site to this person? |
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I have done this site especially for Tej Lalvani |
Tej is son of Kartar Lalvani (founder-managing director of Vitabiotics, a vitamin supplement company)
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Sorry for my poor english translation.
A vitamin is an organic substance needed (dose ranging from micrograms to several milligrams per day) in the metabolism of living organisms and therefore of man. Vitamins are essential complements to trade vital. Organic molecule, the vitamin is a coenzyme (a molecule that participates in the active site of an enzyme) that contains one or more radicals essential to the synthesis of an enzyme or a hormone. If the body can not synthesize them, or insufficient, they must be made regularly and in sufficient quantity by the diet. In humans, only three vitamins are synthesized by intestinal bacteria: vitamins K, B12 and H.
Inadequate intake or lack of vitamin causes respectively hypovitaminosis or vitamin that cause various diseases (scurvy, beriberi, rickets, etc..) Excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins (A and D, essentially) causes hypervitaminosis very toxic to the body.
These vitamins have been discovered by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk was the first isolated vitamin B1 in the envelope of rice in 1912. The term "vitamin" comes from the Latin "vita" meaning life and the suffix amine which is the name of a radical chemistry (all vitamins do not have as much to the amine radical).
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Classification of vitamins
Generally, vitamins are separated into two groups: water-soluble vitamins (soluble in water) and fat-soluble vitamins (fat soluble).
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fats, such as these, can be stored in the body. Conversely, water-soluble vitamins (except vitamin B12) are not stored and the excess contributions are eliminated via the urine.
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Overruns dose
Exceeding the recommended dose in industrialized countries is common for certain vitamins especially vitamin C used by industry as an antioxidant (preservative) [ref. necessary]. Overdoses are also involved because of the consumption of dietary supplements and pills "anti-aging" or tan. Indeed, many people take vitamins in pill form, especially for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging, but some vitamins themselves generate free radicals [Ref. necessary]. A study by the Journal of American Medical Association [1] Over-consumption of β-carotene and vitamins A and E, which are not eliminated in the urine, increases mortality by 7%, 16% and 4%. If there are deficiencies in vitamin disadvantaged populations of industrialized countries, however, are people with no waiting who consume dietary supplements [2].
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Vitamin C is excreted by the kidneys when it exceeds a certain threshold, and overdose was therefore considered harmless. But today it is estimated that the removal, if it is extended over several months, may cause kidney stones in some people. [Ref. necessary]
A study shows that excessive vitamin A increases the risk of hip fracture. This dangerous effect is more pronounced with retinol (vitamin A itself) with the β-carotene (provitamin A) [3].
Above 400 mg / day (instead of 2), vitamin B6 can cause nerve damage. [Ref. necessary]
The harmful effects of the overdose of vitamin D have long been known: severe kidney and heart injuries. However, an overdose occurs only from a daily dose of equal amount to more than 100 times the recommended daily amount and this for several months. [Ref. necessary]
Other risks exist with overdose of vitamin B1 and vitamin K. [Ref. necessary]
Main article: Hypervitaminosis.
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Vitamin supplementation
Over 50% of Americans are in one way or another vitamin supplements and this percentage tends to increase [4]. These are the people who take better health the most, while it is those who are least likely to be deficient [5]. In addition, there is no evidence of efficacy in preventing chronic disease [5].
Action of vitamins [edit]
The essential role of a vitamin is a transfer from one molecule to another, of an electron from an atom (or a limited group of atoms) to another, as processes that can assimilate phenomena enzyme.
We can define the overall action of vitamins based on their interest or as a scientific classification.
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Classification according to their interest
* The reduction or even elimination of some specific reactions of a metabolic pathway that can lead to the absence or reduction of the vitamins.
* The physiological action that have the vitamins. For example:
o vitamin C and its role in the phenomena of capillary permeability.
o Folic acid and its role in hematopoiesis.
Scientific classification
* Vitamins whose role is to transport electrons, such as vitamins B2 and B3.
* Vitamins whose role is to transport free radicals such as vitamins B1 and B6.
Retention of vitamins
Most vitamins are destroyed by heat, air and ultraviolet rays. For example, cooking a food eliminates about 50% of vitamins.
In addition, water-soluble vitamins leave largely in the cooking water. Thus, a soup or soup, for which we keep water, or steaming, with which food does not soak in water, can retain a greater amount of vitamins.
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