Jack Tordoff ?

I have done this site especially for Jack Tordoff
in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Sorry for my poor english translation.


An automobile is a wheeled land vehicle powered by an onboard engine in the vehicle. This type of vehicle is designed for road transport of people, but its definition can be extended to transport cargo and up vehicles that can run on any terrain. The etymology of the word explains this variety of definitions, since the term derives from the Greek α?τ?ς (self) and Latin mobilis (Mobile), reference to being self-propelled car that distinguishes it from the car.

The car is a means of personal transportation among the most common being on the planet. Its usual capacity of transportation is usually five, but may vary from one to nine seats. The use of the term limit automotive vehicles smaller than that of buses and trucks, but sometimes includes light trucks for personal use. Although motor vehicles, motorized two-wheelers are not classified as cars.

---

Etymology and vocabulary

The term "automobile" is originally an adjective derived from the concatenation of a Greek prefix, α?τ?ς (oneself), and a Latin suffix, (Mobile). It was created when the invention of the first "motor cars" because they were equipped with an engine power source on board while the others' cars, coaches, carriages, sleighs, carts and other ground vehicles were driven by one or more horses (horse drawn) or one or oxen.

The noun "car" is attested by 1890, but its kind, today only women, has long been a subject for linguists Open [1]. The French Academy in 1901 voted for the female gender [2], but the controversy has become extinct long after, the male is occasionally attested until 1944 [1].

Because of its wide distribution and its use in the most varied backgrounds, the automobile is now known by many names, familiar or slang: auto, car, car, cash, clunker, taffy, harp, hand drill cart or, in French North America, and beater tank.

---
-> Site for Jack Tordoff

Technical

The principle is to place the car on a rolling chassis and powertrain all accessories necessary for its operation. These elements are controlled by the driver via controls, often in the form of a steering wheel and pedals.

Formed by a chassis and bodywork are an enclosed cockpit with seats for transporting people, the automobile is usually powered by an internal combustion engine. One or more electric motors can also operate in concert with the engine or replace it. The mechanical power supplied by the engine is transmitted to the wheels of the car - the vehicle and supporting elements for mobility - through a gearbox and transmission components. Suspensions carry about them a resilient connection between the frame and wheels.

-> Site for Jack Tordoff

Monitoring instruments and controls such as steering wheel, pedals or tachometer, allow the operation of the automobile. The tank allows the storage of fuel required for engine operation while the batteries or a generator supplying power to an electric organ. Finally, the elements of comfort (air conditioning, radio, ...) and security (lighting, ABS, ...) are accessories in increasing numbers.

----

History

The first functional vehicle was invented in 1769 by Joseph Cugnot under the name of a truck Cugnot [3] but it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century and the progress on the industrial revolution for motor vehicles and personal develop finally took their current name of a car. The birth of the automobile was made by an adaptation of a steam engine on a chassis independent, but social and technical problems have delayed its development. The size of the boiler, the inappropriate materials at high pressures and chassis supporting evil vibrations were the key technical barriers and the perceived and real dangers of these vehicles on the roads at that time led to restrictive legislation, such as Locomotive Act in the United Kingdom.

The first cars are produced and marketed steam (The Obedient Amedee Bollee in 1873 [5]) and the first prototypes using the new internal combustion engines are made less cumbersome by 1885. At the same time, the development of knowledge related to electricity results in achieving the first electric cars: it has three modes of propulsion in competition at the turn of the twentieth century. Steam is quickly supplanted the rapid development and performance of electric cars is stopped by the lack of significant progress in energy storage, making it the internal combustion engine that prevails over other methods of propulsion. This era is that of the race for speed, and is the first electric car that it shows (The Buckeye Bullet is the first to surpass the 100 km / h in 1899 [6]) before being supplanted by the internal combustion engine car. It is also the time of birth of the first automobile races, like Paris-Rouen in 1894. The car is then a luxury product, to use binding used on inadequate infrastructure.

-> Site for Jack Tordoff

Two factors will contribute to its development: the progressive coating of the roads in town and countryside in order to facilitate the use of bicycles and cars, and developing new methods of production (Taylorism, Fordism), leading to the first car large series, Ford T. It definitely raises the footprint of the automobile on society of the twentieth century. Innovations succeed then, but no fundamental change in concept. The outline of the current series motor are plotted in 1922 with the Lancia Lambda monocoque body and independent front suspension, in 1934 Chrysler Airflow with introducing the aerodynamics of the car series, Citroen and Development Traction Avant from 1934, then the introduction of disc brakes on the DS in 1955, or by Porsche and the gearbox of the 356 cone synchronizers [7].

-> Created for Jack Tordoff

The development of the automobile is clearly marked by crises like the crash of 1929 and the Second World War. These redistribute cards industry by encouraging mergers, and cause the comeback of small cars, the pinnacle of this phenomenon has been reached in Germany in the 1950s with the micro-cars like the Isetta. This crisis is also the beginning of the war boom, a period marked in all sectors of the automobile by a boom, leading to increased choice, production and accession to the car via opening the use of credit in the 1960s [8]. This growth in production, but also the size of cars, their speed, is stopped short by the first oil shock. This, combined with the increase of road safety, will have long term consequences on the relationship between the automobile and society, leading in particular to a strong wave of regulations on speed limits. Social aspects (ecology, road safety) become important issues in the design of automobiles at the end of the twentieth century, leading to a new wave of innovation that downsizing and especially the hybrid Toyota Prius was launched on the (1997) and Honda Insight (1999).

---
-> Site for Jack Tordoff

The automotive industry

The automotive industry is an important industry in several major industrialized countries. It sometimes takes a strategic view of both its historical proximity with military industries, the importance it can take in the gross domestic product and employment in some countries (USA, France, Great Britain, Germany) and image that the car can give a country from the outside (the Italian design, the American way of life, the mechanics German, Japanese zero defects, innovation French, etc..).

The automotive industry is now organized into large groups of final assemblers that use parts from many suppliers and subcontractors, but usually maintain in-house industrial activities heaviest as sheet metal or the production of engines. Overall production in 2007 amounted to 56 million passenger cars [9], including 7.9 million for the Toyota group, 6.3 million for the General Motors group and 6 million for the Volkswagen AG. The major equipment suppliers, whose turnover exceeds 10 billion euros, Denso, Delphi, Visteon, Valeo, Faurecia, Magna International, Bosch ...

-> Created for Jack Tordoff