Fong Liu Hsieh ?

I have done this site especially for Fong Liu Hsieh
in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Sorry for my poor english translation.


Fong Liu is wife of Ming Hsieh (founder of AMAX technology in 1987 and Cogent Systems in 1990)

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Among papillary refers to the characteristic lines in the skin of the palm and the sole. This form of skin is also known as the hairless skin. These dermal ridges arise because the papillae (papillary) dermis are arranged in the longitudinal rows. Here each skin strip is underlain by two Papillarkörperreihen. As these lines are unique for each person, they are used for human identification.

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Stamp on the fingers

Fingerprints are representations of the so-called dermal ridges. A fingerprint depends not only on their genes, but by numerous factors, many of whom are not all known to science. One theory is that the nutrition of the unborn child via the shape of the pattern that develops for the fourth embryonic month, will decide.

The pattern of ridges remains largely unchanged until death, so that a fingerprint is unique, uncommon, however, the phenomenon of the formation of intermediate strips are observed. Since the spacer bars in the structure of the papillary lines differ, and the assignment of fingerprints is still possible. It has also been shown to be preserved permanently, once formed, spacer bars, and the individuality of a fingerprint is increased.

The intermediate strips formation is triggered by natural aging processes, which increases the distance between the ridges. A larger Papillarlinienabstand reduced but the tactility of the fingertip. To get these, now between strips are collected.

Never before have two people were discovered with the same fingerprint, not even identical twins.

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The fingerprint (or Daktylogramm) is an imprint of the ridges on the distal phalanx of a finger (finger tip or finger tip). Since no two people with the same fingerprint are known, one proceeds from the uniqueness of a fingerprint.

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Minutiae

As minutiae (Latin minutiae = "small") are the endings and bifurcations of ridges called the human fingerprint. These characteristic points of the skin ridges are unique for each person and finger. They are immutable, so they are used for authentication using fingerprint recognition. To extract the minutiae, a special algorithm is used, by which the minutiae are brought into a mathematical form. From the picture provided by the fingerprint scanner fingerprint for each specific data are collected. A specific fingerprint is no longer the Minutiendaten reconstructed.

For authentication, multiple minutiae are compared with existing reference data. With the biometric fingerprint method (fingerprinting) fingerprints are compared to identify individuals uniquely.

Since the Minutienausbildung is the result of a random process, even identical twins have different fingerprints. [1] Everyone has a fingerprint that is emerging only in the growth of the fingers. This process is completed at the end of childhood. Exceptionally, a few anomalies caused by no fingerprint. A fingerprint may change permanently by scarring, even if only locally.

There are different characteristics of the fingerprint:

Basic pattern
coarse features: loops, arches, whorls
finer features: minutiae
Pore ??structure

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-> Created for Fong Liu Hsieh

Criminology

In criminology at the scene found a suspect's fingerprints are matched against a database to identify the suspect. The German Federal Criminal AFIS performs a database with the fingerprints of over three million people. The comparison of fingerprints, with large data sets was only possible by the advent of powerful computers and accurate mathematical descriptions of the characteristics of a fingerprint.

As the inventor of identifying individuals through fingerprints are the English scientist Francis Galton and the Argentine Juan Vucetich criminologist. The security of fingerprints with the help of the so-called "film-coating method" goes back to the geologists Ehrhard Voigt, who invented around 1930 in order to conserve soil and sediment profiles.

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The use of fingerprints in forensic science is sometimes controversial. Since no fingerprints in natural science (biology, anthropology) find a direct application, the use of fingerprints was monopolized by the early criminology. Therefore, the question is legitimate whether the comparison of fingerprints can withstand scientific criteria. In comparison to DNA profiles or trace analysis with gas chromatography devices, where the probability of a false syllogism is known, there is the reliability of fingerprint comparisons, only a few studies.

Since 1923, there are in the U.S., the so-called "Frye standard", is checked by which scientific arguments are admissible in court. According to Frye, a method must only in the relevant field (eg forensic science) "generally accepted" his, allowing for example the use of polygraphic findings in criminal proceedings.

In Daubert vs. process. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993) before the U. S. Supreme Court was the Frye standard, however, perceived as insufficient and by the so-called "Daubert standard" replaced. This requires not only recognition in the field concerned, but including a well-established knowledge of how high the error rate of the procedure is. The proportion of false-positive results in fingerprint comparisons will be most important in this respect. As the Daubert standard is applied by the courts is of importance for the fingerprint as evidence.

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Other applications

In France, the system was Oscar (simplifié Outil de contrôle des aides au retour - German: simplified system for monitoring the aid to return) by a decree of 26 October 2009 set up a database in which the names are run by people who have organized in the context of deportation amounts aide au retour humanitaire (ARH) was obtained. From September 2010 there will be additional fingerprints out

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Biometrics

Manufacturers of biometric systems use fingerprints, the most optically or electrically (eg, capacitive) is read, also for identification in order to distinguish legitimate from unauthorized users. To refuse to fake fingerprints access, temperature and pulse sensors can be integrated into the detection device, which test whether a living finger was placed on the device ("liveness detection"), which can be seen only limited effectiveness. Since the capture of the fingerprint of any official act reminds, this system is not popular with all users, so often alternative biometric recognition systems are used.

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Other

The word "fingerprint" is also used metaphorically or figuratively, to highlight unique characteristics of a person or thing. For example, one speaks of the "genetic fingerprint" or the "digital fingerprint" of the electronic signature or electronic messages in the checksum. Chemical substances have one in the IR spectrum of an area on which it is substance specific and is called the fingerprint region.

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