Darin Opperman ?

I have done this site especially for Darin Opperman
in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Darin is wife of Vance Opperman (President and Chief Executive Officer at Key Investment Inc.)


Sorry for my poor english translation.


The term return on investment (German rate of return, return on investment or return on investment, [1] short ROI) means a model to measure the return on a business activity, as measured by income relative to capital employed. The ROI describes as a generic term for both profitability ratios, return on equity (return on equity, ROE short) and the return on assets (return on assets, ROA or short RONA). The ROI is defined in the Du-Pont-Schema as a key performance indicator by multiplying the return on sales and asset turnover. The key figure was in 1919 by Donaldson Brown, an engineer of the company Du Pont de Nemours defined.

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The calculation shows that the ROI is the ratio of net profit and capital investment. Thus, a periodic reference made to the financial success of the whole, within a company committed to assess capital. The return on investment allowed in this context, however, no evaluation of the success of a single investment, such as a fixed asset.

A reasonable interpretation is only possible if the result can be split accordingly. Thus, a manipulation of the code you can. For example, a decreasing return on sales, takes a smaller capital-compensated, is the result of the shortened formula unchanged. In addition, fluctuations in earnings can thus be attributed to changes in return on sales or the turnover rate of the capital and explore it in more detail.

This relationship is also found in various performance measurement systems application. Performance measurement systems use various indicators in the form of classification systems or computer systems in relation (systematic or constructed) in order to achieve a more meaningful compared to solitary figures, can. It should again be referred to the Du-Pont-Schema.

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This modern, advanced view of the ROI is different to the original version by DuPont mainly because not the total capital to a company, but individual investments in entrepreneurial activity. However, they should calculate (determination of the pure numerical value) and analysis (systematic study of the returns) are distinguished. When calculating the ROI based on a single investment is generally assumed that the returns of the investment from a previous analysis are already known.

Basically a calculation of the ROI is only interesting if the investment can also contribute to business success, ie that a payback is achieved within the period of use. must now take into account such as information and communications industry, the fact is that the useful life of hardware and software products is comparatively low, is recognized in the rule for three years. Thus, a rule of thumb that only investments are advantageous with a payback of less than three years. If a break-even achieved within 12 months, then the investment is budget neutral. According to these short-term planning horizons, it is useful to calculate the ROI prior to an investment, which casts a computation for the entire life meaningful.

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For the methodology of calculation thus there are two different views. They allow, however, a different interpretation of the results and for an evaluation of certain investments are suitable in different ways. When determining the ROI for the entire service life are the projected returns the all-important size.
Long-term calculation involving the total success

This method is especially useful if a periodic reference unsuitable due to the low life appears to be translated. The ROI will be calculated for a longer estimated planning horizon, for example for the entire service life. This usually happens before an investment decision and is considered a possible criterion for selection.

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Total income

To determine the success or the total capital value of an investment at a particular time, it is necessary first of all to predict the returns of the investment. This instance, by higher prices and / or savings, but by the amount of the operating costs of the investment, particularly in property, plant and diminished accordingly. Now, if the returns of the investment on the present value / present value discounted accordingly and charged on balance, with investment costs, this corresponds to the net present value. Simplified and correspondingly less useful life, it is also possible to dispense with the discounting and the inclusion of an internal rate of return. If a very fast payback expected, for example 12 months, so the closest periodic size is estimated in this case, two years. Is the investment a success, so the result would have a positive net present value can be achieved. If the NPV is zero, then the investment has paid off exactly within the estimated time period.

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Investment costs

The investment cost is the total amount of capital investment. Here, therefore, all costs are considered incurred unique and timely for acquisition. Consequently, costs also be included such as when purchasing a machine for the professional installation in the calculation. Other examples would be training costs as part of the introduction of new software or transportation costs.
Interpretation

The ROI thus expresses the ratio of the expected value and the cost of an investment. If the investment costs are specified, made a statement about the economic interest Total income at a given time. It is therefore not to be determined periodically by the code. The result should always be a positive percentage, unless the investment was paid back yet to the estimated time.

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Periodic determination

This kind of calculation is similar to the principle according to Du-Pont most, and is suitable especially for long-term investment, so if no short-term payback can be expected. This form of calculation is also useful if a planning of the returns before the investment is difficult. Therefore already achieved serve returns, for example, from the first period to calculate ROI. It is to be more long term, this period seems, the less meaningful it is to plan with the return of the first period, without discounting them according to the present value. Equally important is the consideration of a learning curve effect, which reduces productivity and thus the achieved returns of the first period, accordingly, designed a plan more difficult. Most investments are not subject to the effects of such an effect.

With the result, conclusions regarding the duration of the payback can be drawn. It is expressed, which part of the investment returns periodically. One could thus speak of an annuity.

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In ethical investment means investment, consider the next return criteria and ethical values ??of the investor. It is often of ecological and socially responsible investment spoken (English socially responsible investment, SRI).

The idea of ??ethical investment has its roots in the seventies in the movements against apartheid in South Africa and against the Vietnam War. No "money for arms and apartheid" was the motto of those who do not pay with their money what they object to its political commitment. First developed in the U.S. and UK funds with the exclusion criteria for these activities, particularly for institutional investors such as universities, foundations and churches. In Europe, especially Germany, nuclear power was added as another criterion. In the seventies, made the GLS Bank in the beginning, in the eighties, added more alternative Ökobank banks such as Germany or Switzerland, Alternative Bank to finance the environmental and social projects. Since the nineties, criticism plays in globalization and the expansion of speculative financial transactions an increasing role for ethically motivated investment.

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According to Antje Snow White (course book), one can distinguish three basic forms, in their mode of action different:

Funding for alternative ways of saving banks
Banks are traditional savings bonds with use of orientation for the targeted promotion of certain activities to obtain funding on favorable terms. The bank assumes the risk, the investor usually receives a lower interest rate than the rest of the capital market. His money is directly encouraging the appropriate projects.
Direct investment in unlisted companies
The investor, the company shares or bonds directly money available is fixed and distributions or interest in the profits. It contributes to the risk. Here too, the money financed directly by investors desired activities.
Ethical Investment Fund
The investor invested in mutual funds whose management is committed to a limitation based on certain criteria. Special credit rating agencies such as Oekom Research Institute or South Wind evaluate companies on environmental and social criteria. Within the selection criteria the fund manager decides to return classical criteria. Because of the market-selection process, the effects are less tangible. The companies have only in rare cases, a direct benefit (such as capital). The effects are more in the image benefits for the company and the deliberate influence by the fund manager for breaches of the criteria.

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