Carole Pittelman ?

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in order to visit thishousewillexist.org

Sorry for my poor english translation.


With flat (wonen to Old High German: "happy", "live" "be", to "stay") refers to a number of related areas within a (usually fixed) building, which are used for residential purposes and enable independent living

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What exactly are residential purposes is difficult to define. Not available in all languages, there is a separate word for the living. In English-speaking language is no distinction between living and life. Even in philosophical concepts (eg, Heidegger), the question is discussed on the content of the concept.

In Western culture today, the housing assigned more functions that are considered within this cultural group as a more private or intimate and banished reason from the public space in part are: sleeping, personal care, gathering and maintaining community with the most familiar people (often the family ), exchange of tenderness, sexuality, storing personal items, as well as private financial management (cooking etc). In addition, housing associations, the term "life in one place," "rootedness in a place" or "spatial center of life" are not. He therefore has a certain proximity to the concept of home.

Today's associations with the term "housing" as well as many contemporary forms of housing have their basic roots in the 19th Century, in the emerging Civil age, ie in a time when the middle class to the influential group of citizens is. During this time, the housing and family to the retreat and private parts of the bourgeoisie. Industrialization moved the work to other locations. The now freed from work functions to the apartment is home sweet home, the counter-proposal to the harsh reality outside. Especially in this new bourgeois Biedermeier home decor is given an aesthetic expression, some of which has continued until today.

The concept of living is through a durable domesticity, self-organization of financial management and the voluntary nature of the domestic sphere and labeled residence (Federal Administrative Court March 25, 1996 - 4B 302.95, BauR 96.676).

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The term includes apartment are two (closely related) concepts:

A fixed abode, in which one or more people are permanent food item.
A closed part of a larger building, where people live. This meaning is a special case of the first importance and that which is colloquially meant by mostly flat.

A distinction is completed and uncompleted flats.

A completed housing thus consists of a number of rooms within a permanent building to serve the residential and enable independent living, in all living areas are connected behind the apartment door and form a self-contained unit for living. Other rooms are only allowed outside the home.

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Since people have started with agriculture, in part, probably even before, they live in solid, immovable dwellings, which is also called home or residence. Such a home is to protect from the elements, security, preparation and storage of food, personal care, but also their own discretion and representation.

Besides the need for food and clothing, the need is expected for a flat to the basic human needs.

Long periods houses were inhabited almost exclusively by families, only in modern industrial and postindustrial societies propagate single person households, shared apartments and similar housing types in a large scale from.

Apartments can be:

Houses
Apartments in the second sense described below
Similar structures such as container house building

Mobile homes, like tents and starting to rebuild, are often not seen as flat in this sense.

The dwelling as the personal sphere of life constitutes a retreat towards state control. This situation is referred to as domestic law. The house is protected by fundamental rights laws. In Germany, Article 13 of the Constitution assumes this function. In Austria, the legal occupant of the Basic Law Article 9 is anchored. The Federal Constitution grants the citizens of the Swiss Confederation in Article 13 of the privilege of privacy.

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Apartment as part of a residential building

An apartment in this sense is a usually consisting of several rooms that belong together, outside enclosed area within a building. It serves one or more persons as living quarters in the general sense described above.

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The size of a dwelling is measured either by living or by the number of rooms. In the living area is referred to as square meters. With the number of rooms in their own counting has been established:

Bathroom, kitchen and hallways do not count as a room.
Bedroom, living room and office, and all other habitable rooms are good as a whole room.
Roof slopes are available, must be done under certain conditions, to calculate the surface area of ??the actual floor area deductions:

The base area of ??rooms and space parts with a clearance of at least 2 m are complete,

of rooms and room dividers with a clearance of at least 1 m and less than 2 m in half,
unbeheizbaren of winter gardens, swimming pools and similar on all sides are half closed rooms,
of balconies, loggias, roof gardens and terraces are generally expected to be a quarter (see also DIN 277).

In many European countries a large proportion of the population lives in rented apartments rather than in residential property. In Germany there were, according to the Federal Statistical Office 2006 about 36.198 million occupied dwellings in residential buildings, including apartments 21.136 million (58.4%) and 15.062 million owner-occupied dwellings (41.6%).

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Apartments may vary according to their type in:

Duplex - spread over several floors and usually includes the top floor and the roof.
Basement apartment - the floor of the apartment is located below the surface.
Penthouse - an apartment that was attached to another house (known in Switzerland and Penthouse).
Loft - an apartment that was set in a former industrial or warehouse or a loft, often without Height in Scandinavian countries.
Apartment - usually only a small apartment with bathroom and kitchenette or a room with small kitchen.
Granny flat - a small additional dwelling in a home that is opposite the main residence of minor importance.

In addition to the design, a house are also classified according to their age. In general, apartments are then classified according to old and new buildings. An exact definition is not in this division, but differ in old buildings of the late 19th and early 20th Century of new buildings usually by a much higher ceiling (usually about 2.60 m), high windows and thick walls. Also found in these old buildings often a parquet floor.

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